ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”

ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื“ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ื‘ืœื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืœืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืื• ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืฉื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ื”ื—ื•ืง ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžืืกืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื“ 20 ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืืกืจ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”.ย ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืืช ืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”, ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืืช ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื ื’ืจื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืืช ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืืฉื ื•ืขื•ื“.ย ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ื›ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ืื• ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืขื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื.

ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ | ืžื–ืจ-ื›ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืช', ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื ืืฉืžื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™. ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.ย 

ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื” | ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืžื–ืจ
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืžื–ืจ

ืžื”ื™ ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”

ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืื“ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื—ืจ ื ื–ืง ืคื™ื–ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื•. ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืขืฉื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื–ืง ืื• ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืคื™ื–ื™, ื ืฉืง, ืื• ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืฉื” ืื• ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.

ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 329 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ, ื”ืชืฉืœ"ื–-1977, ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชืงื™ืคื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ืฉืง ื—ื, ืชืงื™ืคื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื• ืชืงื™ืคื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืื• ื ื–ืง ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ:

329.ย (ื) ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืื—ืช ืžืืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ืื“ื ื ื›ื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ื, ืื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื• ื—ื‘ืœื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ืื• ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœืžืขืฆืจ ืื• ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉืœื• ืื• ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ืื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืขืฆืจ ืื• ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื“ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืžืืกืจ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื:

(1) ืคื•ืฆืข ืื“ื ืื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื• ื—ื‘ืœื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ;

(2) ืžื ืกื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ืงืœื™ืข, ื‘ืกื›ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื ืฉืง ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืื• ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ ืื—ืจ;

(3) ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืคื™ืฅ;

(4) ืฉื•ืœื— ืื• ืžื•ืกืจ ืœืื“ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืคื™ืฅ ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืื• ืžื–ื™ืง ืื—ืจ ืื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ;

(5) ืžื ื™ื—, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื, ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืจืกืง ืื• ื ืคื™ืฅ ืื• ื ื•ื–ืœ ืžืฉืชืš;

(6) ื–ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ืื“ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื• ื ื•ื–ืœ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืกืงื” (5), ืื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.

(ื‘) ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ (ื) ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•, ืœื ื™ืคื—ืช ืขื•ื ืฉื• ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืจืฉืžื•,ย ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉื•; ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ื–ื”, "ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•" โ€“ ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 382(ื‘).

(ื’) ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžืืกืจ ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ (ื‘) ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”, ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ-ืชื ืื™.

ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”

ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ืคื”, ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ ืœืฉืœื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื ืคื’ืขื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื‘ื• ืื“ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ื‘ืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืื• ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืื™ื•ืžื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื’ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื ื’ืจื.

ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื ื‘ื“ืœืช ืžื—ื‘ืœื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื ืคืฉื™ ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” – ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ืคื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช (ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆืคื™ื•ืช), ื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืื• ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืงืจื™. ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช.

ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”:

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืกืก ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”, ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช:

  1. ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืœื” – ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืืฉื ื’ืจืžื” ืœื ื–ืง ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ืœืื“ื ืื—ืจ. ื—ื‘ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื—ืชื›ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืจื™ื, ื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“.

  2. ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื ื–ืง – ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ืืฉื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืขืฉื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืœื”, ืืš ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš. ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ืžื—ื‘ืœื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืื• ืžื’ืจื™ืžืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช.

  3. ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” – ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืœื”, ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื”ื ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ.

ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื’ื ืœืื•ืจ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข: ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืงื™ืคื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช, ื”ืื ื”ื ืืฉื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื• ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง, ื•ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ืจื™ืžืช ื ื–ืง ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช.

ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ื:

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื’ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ื™ื – ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื”, ื”ืื ื”ื ืืฉื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื”, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืืฉื, ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ืคื’ืขื™ื. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืชืกืคืง ืืช ืจืฃ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.

ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”:

ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™. ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื ื•ืกื” ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื”, ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ืžืงื™ืคื”.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื ื–ืง, ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืงืœื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื•ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ื.

ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ | ืžื–ืจ-ื›ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืช', ืžื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ (ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ย Dun's 100) ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”. ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช

ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”

ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื•ืืฉื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”, ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™. ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืžื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข:

  1. ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช: ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ื”ืŸ ื ืืกืคื• ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ.

  2. ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”: ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขืกืงืช ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืชืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

  3. ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื: ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื ื•ืกื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจืช ืขื“ื™ื, ื”ืฆื’ืช ืจืื™ื•ืช, ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.

  4. ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืืฉื: ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืืฉื ื ืฉืžืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื•ื’ืŸ, ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืข, ื•ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช.

ืžืงืจื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”:ย 

ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืกืœื™ืžื• ื•ืขื“ ืœืคืฉืขื™ื ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืจื” ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื” ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.

ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ืื“ื ื”ื•ืืฉื ื‘ืชืงื™ืคื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืงื˜ื˜ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช, ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืคืขืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข. ืื ื”ื•ื›ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืคื—ืช ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื ื•ืกื”, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ืจื—ื™. ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืืฉื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขื•ื ืฉื•, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืงื™ืคื”, ืจืื• ืขืจืš: "ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืงื™ืคื”".

ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ืื• ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช? ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื”? ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ | ืžื–ืจ-ื›ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืช', ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื, ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื•ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื: ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืคืœื™ืœื™, ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืžืขืฆืจ, ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื, ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• 24/7 ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ.ย 

ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘:

ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืžื–ืจ, ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื–ืจ-ื›ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืช', ืžื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืžื“ื•ืจื’ Dun's 100) ืขื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ 25 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™. ืขื•"ื“ ืžื–ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืคืœื™ืœื™), ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื, ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื•ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื ื—ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืคืฉืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ืœืฆื“ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ืขื•"ื“ ืžื–ืจ ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืช"ื.

ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื” | ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืžื–ืจ