ืขืชื™ืจืช ืืกื™ืจ

ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ | ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ืช ื•ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื, ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื, ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช, ื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“., ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘- ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ (ื ื•ืกื— ื—ื“ืฉ), ืชืฉืœื‘-1971.ย 

ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื›ืœย  ืืกื™ืจ ืื• ืขืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื ืคื’ืขื•, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ืจืช ืืกื™ืจ ื ื’ื“ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” (ืฉื‘"ืก ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”). ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื• ื ืžืฆื ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ืื” ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื”ื” ื”ืืกื™ืจ ืื• ื”ืขืฆื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื“ื™ืŸ (ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืืกื™ืจื™ื), ืชืฉ"ื-1980.ย 

ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ืจืช ืืกื™ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื ื•ืกื”, ืฉื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืชื™ืจื”.ย 

ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ | ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื–ืจ-ื›ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืช', ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชื ืื™ ืžืขืฆืจื | ืžืืกืจื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”, ื”ื’ืฉื” ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื‘ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืืกื™ืจื™ื – ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช 24/7 ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ!ย 

ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืžื–ืจ
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืžื–ืจ

ืื™ืš ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืชื™ืจืช ืืกื™ืจ

ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืช ืขืชื™ืจืช ืืกื™ืจ, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘- ืชืงื ื•ืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื“ื™ืŸ (ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืืกื™ืจื™ื), ืชืฉ"ื-1980:ย ย 

ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืกืžื›ื•ืชื™ ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 46 ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืชืฉื™"ื–-1957, ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืœื™ ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืชืงื™ืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืืœื”:

1. ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืืœื” โ€“

"ืขืชื™ืจื”" โ€“ ืขืชื™ืจืช ืืกื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 62ื ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ [ื ื•ืกื— ืžืฉื•ืœื‘], ืชืฉืœ"ื‘-1971;

"ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜" โ€“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ื”ืขื•ืชืจ.

ย 2. (ื) ืขืชื™ืจื” ืชื•ื’ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช.

(ื‘) ืœืขืชื™ืจื” ื™ืฆื•ืจืฃ ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœื” ื™ืกื•ื“.

3. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืจื”, ื›ื•ืœื” ืื• ืžืงืฆืชื”, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื• ื‘ืžื™ืชืงืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ, ื•ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืื ืจืื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืง ืื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ.

4. (ื) ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ืชื™ืฉืžืข ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืขื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืื• ื‘ืื™ ื›ื•ื—ื, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืงื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื•ืจืฉืื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ืช ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ืื• ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื• ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.

(ื‘) ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืชืจื™ื.

(ื’) ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ืช ืžืฉื ื” (ื), ืจืฉืื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืขืชื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืฃ, ื›ื•ืœื” ืื• ืžืงืฆืชื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื“ืžื™ืช ืžื”ืžืฉื™ื‘, ืื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื”:

(1) ื”ืขื•ืชืจ ืœื ืžื™ืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ืœืคื™ ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืชืŸ ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ [ื ื•ืกื— ื—ื“ืฉ], ื”ืชืฉืœ"ื‘-1971, ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืขืชื™ืจื”;

(2) ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืงื ื˜ืจื ื™ืช ืื• ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ืช;

(3) ื”ืขืชื™ืจื” ืœื ื’ื•ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชืงื ื” 2(ื‘);

(4) ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืฉื ื™ ืืœื”, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช:

(ื) ืขืชื™ืจื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช;

(ื‘) ื˜ืจื ื—ืœืฃ ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืžืชืŸ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืกืงืช ืžืฉื ื” (ื) ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.

5. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืื• โ€“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” โ€“ ืื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืจืฉืื™ ืœืชืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืœื‘ื˜ืœื ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืชื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื™ืจืื” ืœื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.

6. ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืืœื”, ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ืจืื™ืช ืœื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื›ืจืขื” ืฆื•ื“ืงืช ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื”.

7. (ื) ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื•ื’ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื ื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืชืจ, ืื• ืžื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืžืฆืื” ืœื• ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ื•.

(ื‘) ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื” 2(ื) ื•ื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื” ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช.

(ื’) ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืจืฉืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ื”ืขืจืขื•ืจ.

(ื“) ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืœื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”.

7ื. ืชืงื•ืคืช ืคื’ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœื ืชื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืืœื”, ืื• ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื• ื”ืจืฉื, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื• ื”ืจืฉื, ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ืจืื” ืื—ืจืช.

8. ืชื—ื™ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›"ื“ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉ"ื (5 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1980).ย 

ื•' ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉ"ื (18 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1980) ืžืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื

ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ืฉืช ืขืชื™ืจืช ืืกื™ืจ? ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืขื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™? ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ | ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื–ืจ-ื›ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืช', ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ืืกื™ืจ – ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช 24/7 ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ!ย ย